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Printing is something that most admins don’t want to think about. This tweet (which is a single picture) sums up most admins’ perspective about printers:

https://twitter.com/nixcraft/status/1428786599479988227 

That being said, the original gory details of WHAT the vulnerability is, which include a privilege escalation and remote code execution can be found here: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3623760/printnightmare-vulnerability-explained-exploits-patches-and-workarounds.html

You can be forgiven for not wanting to go too too deep here. But the gist is: If the bad guys convinced your users to click on a thing, that would automatically install an “evil driver” which would then give the bad guy full admin access. I’m summarizing a little bit, but that’s the gist.

Essentially: you are / were open to attack and have to fix it. 

Okay. Got it. So what does fixing it look like? 

There’s three dates we have to take into consideration for the discussion:

• Anything before July 6th.

• Between July 6th and Aug 10.

• Anything after Aug 10.

Let’s break down each date and method here.

Before July 6: How would you mitigate Printnightmare WITHOUT any patches

Microsoft’s recommendations which would at least “Shut the door” on possible attacks (BEFORE the July and Aug patches.)

Tip: These are / were PREVIOUS recommendations (applicable if you don’t have patches everywhere:

1. Completely disable the Print Spooler Service:

   1. DCs because they’re important

   2. Everywhere else because they’re important too.

2. Use the “Allow Print Spooler to accept client connections” and set to DISABLE. This will keep the the print spooler service running, but prevent REMOTE connections to the Print Spooler Service. And, moreover, it still works LOCALLY from the machine for local print jobs. It just prevents sharing printers for OTHER machines. This setting is actually a good mitigation on workstations, which in most cases do not need to share their printers with anyone else.  Note that after this setting is deployed it requires a reboot of the system or at least a restart of the spooler service.  (Thanks to Haemish Edgerton for the clarity adjustment here.)

3. You can use GPPrefs SERVICES or Powershell scripts or whatever to also do the same thing. 

Now the print spooler services are stopped dead. Printing has now stopped. 

Now what?

Dateline: July 6th - The Patch Arrives

The July 6th patch seemed like it would get the problem solved. From the July patch notes: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7 

After putting the July 6th patch everywhere, Microsoft ALSO suggested that you use “Point and print Restrictions” policy setting to force “Show warning and elevation prompt” as follows:

Result:

Setting the value to 0, or leaving the value undefined, allows non-administrators to install signed and unsigned drivers to a print server but does not override the Point and Print Group Policy settings. This is the default value. Consequently, the Point and Print Restrictions Group Policy setting can override this to allow non-administrators to be able to install signed and unsigned print drivers to a print server.

But one day later, this was overcome with some example code. Here’s the original tweet and video: https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1412771368534528001 

Ack ! Back to Printnightmare and re-shut down all print servers ! OMG.. run for the hills !

Now the print spooler services are stopped dead. Printing has now stopped. 

Now what?

Dateline: Aug 10 - Patch 2 is released (Aka Slam the door shut / no more non-admin access for Print Drivers.)

That’s it, no more Mr. Nice guy. Microsoft decides to go nuclear at this problem. They release another Patch for Aug 10.

From: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/august-10-2021-kb5005031-os-build-18363-1734-8af726da-a39b-417d-a5fb-670c42d69e78 

Changes the default privilege requirement for installing drivers when using Point and Print. After installing this update, you must have administrative privileges to install drivers.

Net results: 

1. You need to be a local admin to do anything Printer-y. Technically this was already true; as standard users could never install, say, local print drivers from some unusual source.

2. Users who are used to finding printers by the Click to Print method are simply blocked at showtime.

Now, there’s a little SIDE NOTE here (Tip of the Hat to Hasain Alshakarti from TRUESEC security @Alshakarti). The door MAY NOT EVEN BE COMPLETELY SHUT. MS released CVE-2021-36958 Aug 11, 2021 that describes the LPE/RCE Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.  Depending on the version of the driver the elevation prompt is not triggering as shown by Benjamin Delphi as seen here https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1425154484167188480 

Here’s what it looks like (in pictures, not a video) when a user attempts to click to print on a printer (where the drivers have never been installed).

Step 1: Find the printer and get initial prompt

Step 2: Final prompt requiring local admin access to proceed

So, the August 10th patch really did close the door for the good guys.

Now what? How do we let them back in?

Now that the door is shut, how do we open it for SOME people?

So first thing’s first. If the spooler is stopped by ANY of those original methods above, then, nothing else is ever going to work. You’ll have to back out any change which killed the printer spooler.  

Then, after that I’ve rounded up a few POSSIBLE workarounds. Some anecdotally and others from Microsoft’s guidance here (https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/topic/kb5005652-manage-new-point-and-print-default-driver-installation-behavior-cve-2021-34481-873642bf-2634-49c5-a23b-6d8e9a302872) which we’ll review in a bit.

Additionally, I want to show how there’s also a slew of other workarounds if you happen to be a PolicyPak Customer. I’ll field these at the end.

Tip 1: Just keep using Group Policy Preferences to deliver printers to those who need it. (Maybe. Will likely work.)

So this whole Printnightmare is basically trying to solve the problem of a user making a choice where to print (and that vector being insecure.) 

But there isn’t any problem with real admins making choices to deliver printers via Group Policy Preferences (even after the patches are in place.) That still works. Sure, I realize this is a little “Apples and Oranges.” Because GP Preferences is not “Click to Print”.

But if you could use Group Policy Preferences to mass-deliver printers like this to your domain-joined machines, you could still be a-ok. Here’s an example.

Note there still can be problems. If the server is 2016 (or OLDER, like 2012, 2012R2)... and the drivers are “v3” drivers, then… users are still prompted to re-install them as admins. Gah ! The workaround is to upgrade your server’s print drivers to v4 drivers if they are available (which, there may not be.) 

Tip: If you want to see what version of the drivers you're using, on a target machine run the Print Manager utility (again, this is on the endpoint where you already use the printers.) Then, see this column to determine driver type.

The details are documented here by MVP Susan Bradley (@susanbradley): https://www.computerworld.com/article/3630629/windows-print-nightmare-continues-enterprise.html 

I’ll update this space if there’s more on this story.

Tip 2 (which didn’t work for me): Use Point and Print Restrictions to specify the GOOD servers

I mention this tip, because it really looks like it SHOULD work, but just.. Doesn’t.  Read thru it anyway, because we’ll make some lemonade out of lemons here in a minute.

Maybe this worked AFTER the July patch but stopped working AFTER the August patch but I didn’t expressly test that.

The idea would be to simply specify the GOOD servers, so the user wouldn’t be able to print to any BAD servers. Example configuration below (again, doesn’t work) which would specify the servers, but then also NOT prompt for elevation.

Microsoft’s text says:

1. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Printers\PointAndPrint

2. NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 0 (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)

3. UpdatePromptSettings = 0 (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)

NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall set to 1 makes your system vulnerable by design.

The result on endpoints would be something like this..

Again: This proposed workaround did not work for me, your experience might be different.

If I was asked how to solve this problem within Microsoft engineering, this is how I would have proposed to do it: Specify ONLY the good servers and make it so Standard Users couldn’t make changes from that list.

Mayyyybe Microsoft will fix the problem (again) this way, but no signs yet.

Tip 2 (From Microsoft):  “Just screw it” and let Standard Users do whatever they want anyway (NOT RECOMMENDED)

So, of course it sounds like, and would be a terrible idea to just turn off the new August 10th protection, even after you’re patched. If you wanted to do that, the advantage of course is that Standard Users could click to print on whatever servers they wanted. Which of course, would also be bad if the bad guys used this against you.

This tested out a-ok as you can see here.

Again, not a great idea, but it does work, even if the August patch is on the machine.

Tip 3: Combine (non-working) Tip 2 and (working) Tip 3 to attempt to make something (reasonably) secure

So Tip 2 where we specified the GOOD server didn’t work. And Tip 3 where we specified that non-admins could overcome this driver thing… that worked.  

I’m trying here to specify a SPECIFIC server that’s good, and therefore everything else is bad.

I’m then using the special bypass registry key to let non-admins install the drivers.

This should work, right ?

Let’s break it down.

Well, this works when 100% by itself. If I attempt to connect to some rogue server, I do get blocked. Yay.

But then when I add the bypass registry item….  It doesn’t work.. YET !

So far, this is equally bad as just letting non-admins install their own drivers.

The secret to making this work is a SECOND setting, which expresses where the “Package Point and print - Approved servers” are.

Then, I get the basic / final / good result I want:

• Non-Admins can point to good “specified” servers 

• Non-Admins cannot point to rogue servers

Even though I showed how to do this, Microsoft does go out of their way to say : “Important There is no combination of mitigations that is equivalent to setting RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators to 1.”

I don’t know exactly what the differences are between the super secure admin only method and the “open the doggie door to the right people” method I just stepped though, and maybe Microsoft doesn’t want us to know. :-) 

Okay: Really, what are some OTHER SECURE workarounds?

First of all the method I showed above is only “OK” because Microsoft stated that you aren’t really in a totally secure state. The second problem with the method I showed is that you have to keep on top of your print servers all the time and update the TWO policy settings to accommodate. Maybe this is fine in a small or static environment. Or maybe this could get out of hand quickly.

Solid Workaround 1: Using PolicyPak Least Privilege Manager + Printer Helper Tool

I’m going to jump RIGHT TO THE END, and tell you what I think is the ideal solution problem, and, sorry to say, this is not a free solution. And, I’m the founder and CTO of the solution, so, maybe I’m a little biased.

But in short, here’s a video where you can use PolicyPak Least Privilege Manager to elevate the installation of printers on any server, while the person is a standard user. 

Overcome Print Nightmare Standard User UAC Prompts

Why is this the best method? 

• First, you don’t have to enable this for all users; just the users who need to do this from time to time. 

• Second, you don’t need to really be opening up admin rights everywhere; it’s just for this key case. 

• Third, it quacks like the native tool, but does require one click to get it started, instead of “Print to click.” 

• And lastly, this technique also works for installing LOCAL printers, which might also come in handy.

This also dovetails nicely into the whole “Zero Trust” model. Let only the users who need this technique get this technique. Remove local admin rights and reduce your attack surface.

Solid Workaround 2: Pre-install the drivers to the machine (somehow)

If you are able to magically pre-install the drivers into the machine’s local cache then you get a hall pass here.

You can do this in your image, or, if you already have 10,000 machines out there, you can script your way to glory.

Tip of the hat to my friends at PDQ for the inspiration for this tip. You can find their lashup here: https://www.pdq.com/blog/using-powershell-to-install-printers/

The idea I tested manually, worked awesome, as you can see here. The gist is to use PNPUtil to get the drivers pre-installed as an admin. Then the user can click on the network printer and they’re done. No prompts. It just works.

There’s another method that I found, which involves getting a machine prepped with all your drivers and backing up the driver store and preparing them as a “package.”  Printbrm.exe and PrintbrmUI.exe are the in-box utilities which do this. A good write up if you want to do this is here (https://lakeforestconsulting.com/adminprintnightmare/). You can then deploy the package using SCCM, Intune, PolicyPak or another method of your choice. 

Solid Workaround 3: Use the same printer driver as many times as you can

I found this one from here: https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2328739-best-way-to-deploy-printnightmare-proof-printers-to-non-admin-users?page=1#entry-9250842 (Courtesy https://community.spiceworks.com/people/ethanharris). I’ll just quote him and make this easier for everyone:

“We get around it by using the same universal HP driver on our print server for all black & white printing.  Since they already have the print driver installed they get no admin prompt when they add other printers.

For each color printer we create two printers on the print server, "PrinterName" and "PrinterName-Color" with the actual driver for that printer model used on the -Color version.  It is understood by staff that anyone can add a printer to print in B&W but IT needs to enter the admin password if they need to add a printer to print in color.  This also helps to cut down on printing costs as color printing costs 10x as much as B&W on our printing contract.“

Are there Workarounds if I’m not domain joined?

Yes, Here’s the others I’m able to come up with. If you have more to add, let me know and I’ll add them here and give you credit.

Using an MDM Service + PowerShell

If you use an MDM service like Intune, then you could use the script method from the PDQ guys (see above). That’s a little more than I want to get into here, but it should get you near the goal. 

Using PolicyPak + Least Privilege Manager

I already mentioned the Least Privilege Manager and the Helper Tool; here's a link to an alternate video which shows a few more magic tricks of the Helper Tools.

https://kb.policypak.com/kb/article/889-overcome-network-card-printer-and-remove-programs-uac-prompts/ 

Using PolicyPak + Remote Work Delivery Manager

We’ve had this KB around for a while; but it works great to overcome Printnightmare. The gist is that you copy install files from, say, Dropbox, Amazon S3 or Azure storage, then script the install.

https://kb.policypak.com/kb/article/1103-how-to-deploy-a-tcp-ip-printer-using-policypak-remote-work-delivery-manager/

Using PP Scripts to Deploy Printers for Users (so they don’t have to.) 

This method is similar to the PP + REmote Work Delivery Manager Method, but could be useful if you only have PP Scripts and Triggers and not Remote Work Delivery Manager. 

Using PolicyPak Cloud + GPPRefs TCPIP Printers 

This could help some people, so I’m adding it here.

https://kb.policypak.com/kb/article/788-how-to-deploy-a-tcpip-printer-using-group-policy-preferences-in-policypak-cloud/

Final thoughts about Printnightmare

The world is heading toward Zero Trust. Which means every piece of the network needs (or should have) explicit allow rules.

We believe in this idea at PolicyPak, and can do blocking by default for regular downloads, Windows Store downloads, and even block stuff on USB sticks.

With the Printnightmare patch, they are basically saying the same thing: trust no one but your admins. But if you give someone local admin rights on the box, you’re shooting yourself in the foot.

Remove local admin rights and get to Least Privilege land (using PolicyPak Least Privilege Manager). And then give back what you need to with rules to open up specific admin-like-things to your end-users (like adding printers) as needed.

Hope this guide helps you out.

Special thanks to my two Technical Reviewers: Viktor Hedberg and Hasain Alshakarti for help with the article.

Not everyone needs to be a power user.  Some employees just need a basic computer to get the job done.  Examples include front line workers, home based users or those who access everything over a web browser.  While these users may only need the very basics, internal IT doesn’t want to skimp on security for them either.  It is for these types of situations that Microsoft began offering Windows 10 in cloud configuration.  Windows 10 Cloud Config simplifies the desktop experience for end users as well as the management experience for admins.   You can use it to configure new devices or reuse existing hardware in order to extend the life of older machines.   Because Windows 10 in cloud config is a Microsoft-recommended device configuration, you also know that it is secure.  Windows 10 Cloud Config is suited for the following types of scenarios:

• Devices that do not require complex setting configurations
• Are not dependent on any type of on-premise infrastructure
• Uses a basic set of apps that are curated by internal IT such as Microsoft Teams and Edge

To be clear, cloud config is not Windows “lite.”  It is the full Windows experience.  You deploy devices with it or assign it to existing devices using Microsoft Endpoint Manager.  From there you manage these machines just like any other MDM enrolled device.  These devices are configured with Windows 10 endpoint security settings and automatically updated through Windows Update for Business.  Admins don’t have to do a thing.  All user data is stored and redirected to OneDrive.  For this reason, Microsoft does not recommend cloud config be used for shared devices.

Cloud config can be deployed to any device running any one of the following operating systems.   

• Windows 10 Professional
• Windows 10 Enterprise
• Windows 10 Education

Cloud config requires the following licenses:

• Azure Active Directory Premium P1

• Microsoft Intune
• Microsoft Teams
• OneDrive for Business
• Windows 10 Pro (minimum)

Note that Microsoft recommends Enterprise Mobility + Security E3 and Office 365 E3.

There are two ways to deploy Windows 10 cloud config in Microsoft Endpoint Manager.  The easiest way uses the new guided scenarios feature.  Cloud config is one of the sets of customized steps that admins can use to quickly deploy devices for a given scenario.  You can also configure cloud config manually in order to deploy it using the following steps:

1. Create an Azure AD group
2. Configure device enrollment
3. Deploy a script to configure Known Folder Move and remove built-in apps
4. Deploy apps
5. Deploy endpoint security settings
6. Configure Windows Update settings
7. Deploy a Windows 10 compliance policy
8. Additional optional configurations

For this example, we are going to use guided scenario.  You will find it by going to Troubleshooting + support > Guided scenarios.  The first time you access this section you may have to click the “Got it” button as shown below.

Then choose Deploy Windows 10 in cloud configuration by clicking the Start button for that scenario.

The first step involves the naming of the devices during the Windows Autopilot enrollment process.  If you choose not to use the device name template, all devices will use the OEM name.  If you select “Yes” however, you can then create a unique pattern to name the devices.  You can use the %RAND:x% variable to include a string of random characters after Fabrikam.  The X represents the number of random characters allocated.  In the example below we are appending 4 random characters to Fabrikam.

The next step is to select the apps you want to deploy to these devices. Because Cloud Config is about keeping things simple, Microsoft recommends keeping the list of included apps to a minimum so that your cloud config devices are simple to use and manage.  By default, the guided scenario includes Edge and Teams.  As you cannot remove them when using the guided scenario, you must uninstall them at a later time if you don’t want them.  You can then select additional Microsoft 365 optional apps as is shown in the screenshot below.

Next is the Assignment phase in which you will assign the cloud config devices to a group.  Here you can either create a new group or choose an existing group as is shown below.

After you create your group and click “Next” you will be presented with a Summary showing all of your selections.  You can go back to the other tabs, and change any values you added.  Once you verify your settings then click Deploy. 

You can then watch as the resources are being created along with their status.  If there's an error, then the guided scenario isn't deployed, and all changes are reverted.  Once deployed successfully you can use the monitoring and reporting features in the Endpoint Manager.  If you want to remove any of your chosen settings, go to each policy created by the cloud config guided scenario and configure the settings to Not Configured.  Then redeploy the policies. 

In the end, cloud config is just a recommended set of configuration settings for Windows 10 for standardized deployments that are easy to manage.  While it isn’t for everyone, it is an ideal fit for specific user scenarios. 

Those who have updated to Windows 10 Build 19042.964 via Windows 10 KB 10 KB5001391 have noticed the addition of the News and Interest Feed on the Windows taskbar.  The feed is announced on the taskbar by a weather icon by default that represents nearby current sky conditions.  With a click of the mouse you can gain access to nearby weather and traffic conditions, updates on your personal stocks as well as stories on professional or personal interests.   You can customize the stories and publisher sources by clicking on “Manage Interests” at the top as shown in the screenshot below.  A web browser will then open allowing you to tune your fee.  You can also select “More options” on headlines and article in order to share or save them.

Users can also customize how the newsfeed appears on the taskbar.  By default, the weather conditions icon and temperature are shown.  By right clicking on the icon, users can modify this in the context menu as shown below.

Windows admins will understandably want to manage the appearance of this new feature.  This can be done through either Windows Group Policy or Microsoft Endpoint Manager.  In order to access the associated Group Policy you need to obtain the Feeds.admx file.  You can access it by navigating to C:\Windows\PolicyDefinitions on a machine that has the update installed.  Copy the Feeds.admx file and paste it into your group policy central store.  You will also need the Feeds.adml file as well.  Those in the U.S. will find this file in the en-US directory.  The two locations are shown below.

You must then create a computer side policy by going to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > News and interests > Enable news and interests on the taskbar.  You can then choose to enable or disable the feature.  Enabling the policy will allow News and interests on the taskbar and give users access to the applicable context menu.  This will give users the ability to turn it off if they wish.  The policy is enabled in the screenshot below.

You can also manage News and interests in Microsoft Endpoint Manager as well by creating a Configuration profile.  Select Windows 10 and later as the platform and choose Settings catalog (preview) as the profile type.  After naming the policy, select “Add settings” to access the Settings Picker as shown below.

Then do a search for “news” and select “News and interest” and enable the setting as shown below.

You can also manage News and interests via the registry.  Go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\POLICIES\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Windws Feeds. 

Then assign a value accordingly:

• 0 – show icon and text
• 1 – show only icon
• 2 – disabled

Of course these registry values can be deployed using Group Policy Preferences as well.  The screenshot below shows the designated registry key.

While the phrase, “between a rock and a hard place” stems from ancient Greek Mythology, it could easily apply to the task of applying Windows feature updates.  A new feature update can integrate new innovation and added value to your users.  On the other hand, that same update may also cause an rebellion amongst your helpdesk team as a ticket monsoon is created from that update going bad.  It’s a pendulum that can swing both ways.

What are Safeguard Holds?

That’s one reason why Microsoft developed Safeguard holds.  Safeguard holds prevent devices with a known compatibility issue from receiving a new feature update.  By doing so, it protects users from a potentially poor desktop experience should the updated feature not be a harmonious match for their particular device.  Microsoft uses quality and compatibility diagnostic data to identify issues of possible incompatibility.  When such a device is identified, it is placed on hold, which serves as a safeguard.  Devices that are placed on hold are prevented from installing the designated Windows 10 feature in order to preserve the user experience for the time being.  Microsoft then uses the captured diagnostic data to release a fix that addresses the compatibility issue and at some point, the hold will be released.  At that point, the update can then be delivered.  Microsoft also uses holds when a customer or partner reports a disruptive issue directly related to an update for which an immediate workaround is not available.  Those enterprises that utilize Microsoft Endpoint Manager can use Update Compliance reporting retrieve data related to current safeguard holds. 

Keep in mind that safeguard holds only apply to Windows devices that use Windows Update for Business.  Safeguard holds do not pertain to feature updates that are deployed through other channels such as Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) or installation media.  Most enterprises should be using Windows Update for Business as it offers administrators the ability to define Windows Update service rings in order to manage update delivery schedules for different user classifications. 

Opting out of Safeguard Holds

Safeguard holds are a good thing.  However, there are instances when you might not want them.  For instance, internal IT may want to validate the newest feature on a test device (for those who have it, it is best to validate feature updates using the Windows Insider Program for Business Release Preview Channel).  Allowing the update to go through will allow you to experience the compatibility issue firsthand as well as assess other implications concerning the update.  For those who want to bypass holds for special circumstances, Microsoft released a Disable safeguards for Feature Updates Group Policy late last year.  The policy is applicable to any Windows Update for Business device running Windows 10, version 1809 or later with the October 2020 security update installed.

Deploying the Policy

There are several ways to deliver the Disable Safeguards policy to your devices.  For domain-joined devices, Group Policy is easy.  Create a GPO and go to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates >Windows Components > Windows Update > Windows Update for Business and enable “Disable safeguards for Feature Updates” as shown in the screenshot below.

Administrators can also use an MDM such as Microsoft Endpoint Manager to manage your devices, you can create a custom profile to deploy the policy.  While the involved settings do not appear in the management interface, you can create a custom device configuration profile using OMA-URI settings.  Using Microsoft Endpoint Manager go to Devices and create a custom profile for the Windows 10 platform.  Provide a name for the OMA-URI setting and optional description if desired.  Then add the following settings as shown in the screenshot below.

• OMA-URI: ./Vendor/MSFT/Policy/Config/Update/DisableWUfBSafeguards
• Data type: Select Integer
• Value: 1

Another way is to modify the registry.  You can do this manually or deploy the modification using Group Policy Preferences.  Start by going to the following key:

Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate

Right click on WindowsUpdate and select New > Dword (32-bit) Value

Name it DisableWUfBSafeguards

Set its value to “1” and reboot.

The finished result is shown below.

For those enterprises that utilize both domain-joined and non-domain joined machines, there are third party solutions such as PolicyPak that you can use to deploy the Disable Safeguards policy to any internet connected Windows 10 device.  In this case, the PolicyPak editors are built inside the Group Policy Management Editor so creating the policy is simple and straightforward.  Once created, you can deploy it using standard Group Policy, your chosen MDM solution or PolicyPak Cloud.  The screenshot below shows the creation process that utilizes the ADMX templates. 

To be clear, you shouldn’t disable Safeguard Holds to rush out feature updates to standard users, but this policy does provide administrators with greater the flexibility they need at times. 

Welcome to Part 2 of this article series in which we take a look at the primary policy types that you can create and utilize in Microsoft Endpoint Microsoft (Intune).  In Part 1 we looked at Configuration Profiles and how they are the rough equivalent of GPOs in a traditional AD on premise domain in which some things were hidden, others revealed.  Here we will examine some of the other major components of MEM, all pertaining to security.

Security Baselines

Also referred to Security Profiles, Security Baselines are sets of Windows settings that are preconfigured by Microsoft Security engineers.  There are currently 3 Security Baselines as is shown below.  They are

• Windows 10 Security Baseline
• Microsoft Defender ATP Baseline
• Microsoft Edge Baseline

The baselines by themselves don’t really do anything until you use one of them to create a security policy.  To create a profile you simply click on the appropriate baseline and then create your desired policy.  Baselines should be looked at as minimum security standards, although for most enterprises, they would work admirably.  You can change any of the settings, but keep in mind that when you unconfigure a setting, you are making it less secure.  In most cases, you should simply accept the settings as is and deploy the policies to their targeted users and devices.  The screenshot below shows the preconfigured BitLocker settings within the Windows 10 Security Baseline.

Compliance Policies

Compliance Policies are used to determine whether a device is compliant with a pre-defined baseline.  Compliance Policies vary on the platform of the device.  Some examples of Windows 10 compliant baselines can include the following:

• BitLocker enabled
• Minimum OS version
• Password qualities
• Firewall enabled and configured
• Location of the device

You can then select a noncompliance action such as an email notification sent to the user informing them of their device’s noncompliance state.  You can even lock or retire a device that has been noncompliant for a specified duration.  An example of a Compliance Policy requiring a minimum Windows 10 OS version is shown below:

Conditional Access Policies

Conditional Access Policies work hand-in-hand with Compliance Policies.  They prevent access to noncompliant devices.  For instance, you can prevent devices connecting from anywhere outside of the U.S. for instance.  You can also list other conditional access requirements such as the installation of approved applications or MFA as shown in the screenshot below.  You should always test your Conditional Access Policies first as you could deny everyone access including yourself. 

Enrollment Restrictions

Although not a “policy” per se, Enrollment Restrictions play an important role in MEM security.  By default, authorized users can enroll 2 devices into the MEM portal.  If don’t want the default, you can create enrollment restrictions that will allow users to enroll anywhere from 1 to 15 devices.  You can also assign Device Type Restrictions that will prevent users from enrolling either personal devices, or designated device version platforms as is shown in the screenshot below.

Creating a MEM Strategy

As you can see, there are a lot of moving parts in MEM.  The key is to ensure that all of your policies and restrictive settings work in conjunction of one another in order to safeguard your organization as well as ensure that your users can perform their required digital workloads.  While MEM alone falls short of the granular setting coverability of Group Policy, it can play an important role for new startups and established companies that have significant numbers of mobile and remote devices.

Microsoft Endpoint Manager (the Intune part), is a powerful device management and endpoint security system that is constantly evolving.  What began as a portal to manage and secure mobile devices can now manage desktop computers, virtual machines and even servers.  It can now deliver a broad spectrum of configuration and security settings as well as intelligent cloud actions.  Because of this, it’s hard to keep abreast of all of the changes and informational resources are perpetually outdated. 

Microsoft Endpoint offers multiple policy types.  With so much confusion out there concerning which policies do what, I thought it might be a good time to take a snapshot of the state of Microsoft Endpoint as it is today.  This two-part series will cover a quick review, (or for some an introduction), on the various parts of this rapidly expanding management ecosphere.

Configuration Profiles

This has long been the bread and butter of Intune.  Configuration policies are the equivalent of Group Policy Objects.  A configuration profile is created to deploy managed settings to targeted devices or users.  Like other MDM solutions, Microsoft Endpoint supports more than just Windows.  When you go about creating a configuration profile, you can choose between multiple platforms including Android, iOS, iPadOS, macOS and Windows as is shown in the screenshot below.

For the sake of this article, we will focus on Windows 10.  You then select which profile type you want to configure settings for.  The list of profiles has greatly expanded over the years.  Some of the profiles available at this time include:

• Device Restrictions (Think Group Policy restrictions)
• Edition upgrade and mode switch
• Endpoint Protection
• VPN
• Wi-Fi

Below is an example of the available Control Panel Settings than you can block within the Device Restrictions policy.

A wizard then guides you through the process of configuring your desired settings and deploying them to the applicable targets.  While the number of available settings offered within Microsoft Endpoint has exponentially grown over the years, it still doesn’t come close to the more than 10,000 settings offered by the culmination of Group Policy and Group Policy Preferences combined.  While its capabilities and offerings may fall short for on-prem AD enterprises, it does provide ample coverage for many mobile and non domain-joined devices. 

Administrative Templates

Administrative Templates is one of the available Configuration profiles but I want to focus on it separately.  These are ADMX settings, some of the same ones you are accustomed to configuring in Group Policy Administrative Templates that includes both Computer and User side settings.  Here you can configure settings for things such as Microsoft Edge, One Drive, Word, Excel, etc.  In the screenshot below you will notice the same hierarchical structure you are familiar with in Group Policy Administrative Templates.  Again, while the list of available ADMX settings has grown substantially, it still falls far short of what is currently available in native Group Policy. (Hint: Use PolicyPak MDM to take 100% of real on-prem GPO settings and use them with Intune.)

Custom Profiles

One more Configuration Profile type I want to focus on is Custom Profiles because a lot of people find them confusing.  Windows 10 devices contain Configuration Service Provider (CSP) settings and it is these settings that MDM solutions actually manage.  MDM has the ability to manage any CSP setting, but not all of these settings are currently built into the Microsoft Endpoint interface.  That is where custom profiles come into play.  If you want to deliver settings to an available CSP that isn’t accessible within the Microsoft Endpoint, you can create a custom profile which does require some input the following settings:

• Name:  The name is for your own reference to help you identify it.  Use any name you wish.

• Description:  Enter a short summary of what the profile does and any other pertinent details

• OMA-URI:  The OMA-URI settings are unique for each platform be it Android, iOS, Windows, etc.    It is also case sensitive so be careful to type in the setting path correctly.  To configure settings for a Windows 10 device you would type the path: Vendor/MSFT/Policy/Config/AreaName/PolicyName

• Data type:  The data type will vary based on the OMA-URI setting.  The options are String, String (XML file), Date and time, Integer, Floating point, Boolean and Base 64 (file)

• Value: Here is where you associate the OMA-URI value you wish to enforce.

Below is what the Custom Profile creation process looks like in Microsoft Endpoint.

So that sums up our look at Configuration Profiles. 

In case you want a more in-depth view of these, I suggest you check out my MDM book.... www.MDMandGPanswers.com/book where I give more details and examples.

In Part 2 of this series, we will look at the other policy types such as security and conditional access.

I came upon this cool little app the other day and wanted to share it.  It is a Windows 10 privacy tool called Spydish.  It’s a very small app that you can download from the developer’s GitHub site.  It runs as an EXE file so there’s not installation necessary.  The premise of the app is straightforward as it simply checks if privacy related policies are enabled on your Windows 10 machine.  It also gives you the option to enable any of the included settings or return them to their default state.  The application can only be run locally so you cannot use it to access privacy settings of remote machines.  It doesn’t require Group Policy so you can run it on a Windows 10 Home version.  While you wouldn’t use it to manage the privacy settings of your enterprise fleet of laptops, it’s a quick way to see which privacy settings are set on a designated Windows 10 system and modify them.   

Once opened, Spydish lists a series of privacy related policies in a sidebar on the left.  Settings are grouped in different categories such as Privacy, Cortana, Bloatware, App Permissions, etc.  You can choose the entire allotment of Local Computer Policies, a selected group or groups or pick individual settings.  Then click the Analyze button as is shown in the screenshot below.  A readout appears almost instantly, showing the current settings for each policy. 

As easy as it is to obtain the current state of your privacy settings, it is just as easy to apply or revert them.  In the screenshot below I have selected the Microsoft Edge group of settings.  As you can see, none of the settings are currently configured.  Now simply click the “Apply selected” button as is shown below.

Spydish will then apply all of the settings as shown here.

Clicking “Revert selected will revert any settings back to their default state.  While users can modify Windows 10 privacy settings manually, Spydish is a way to get the job done quick and effortless.  Check it out.  

It’s a Cloud, Cloud, Cloud, Cloud, Cloud, Cloud world. Except actually most of your stuff is still likely mostly on-prem, or acts that way. Take Windows 10 for instance. Windows 10 has events in the event logs, and maybe you already know about on-prem Event Forwarding.

Tip: If you want to learn more about on-prem Event Forwarding, you can see my Walkthrough of that here video and text.

But how do we take on-prem events from Windows 10 (or Windows Server) and get the up to the cloud for later analysis? If you have 24, 250, or 25,000 domain joined (or even NON-domain joined) machines, say with Windows Intune or PolicyPak Cloud… how can you do the equivalent of event forwarding to some central place?

That is the job of Azure Log Analytics. I’m going to call it “LA” for short.

LA had an original name, OMS which stood for Operations Management Suite, but as near as I can tell, that’s over. But its good to know LA’s original name, because you’ll see OMS pop up from time to time in the walkthrough, docs, and software. Additionally, it’s also good to know that what you’ll see here is build upon the original System Center Microsoft Operations Manager (SCOM); but I won’t be using that function.

The official documentation for LA can be found here; but I had a few stumbles. Some tips o’ the hat to Travis Roberts’ video and blog which also helped give me a leg up. The blog is here and the helpful video series on Azure Log Analytics (though a little old now because of the name and UI changes) can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hgvjgPBNzE&list=PLnWpsLZNgHzVXXyN9a0jm9xNNDrikHf8I

My goal in researching this project was to give some PolicyPak MDM Customers a quick guide to research interesting events that PolicyPak automatically logs to its own event log. But in this guide, I’m also going to show you how to collect some standard and also some extra event logs.

To get started you need a Log Workspace. This is basically a security block between this collection of logs, and say another collection of logs. Each Log Workspace has a GUID based Workspace ID and two keys (Primary and Secondary.) You’ll use these to send, say, YOUR Windows 10 machines’ event logs to your workspace. And the other Azure admins … you know, those SQL server people or Exchange or whatever … they’ll send their event logs to their workspaces.

To get started use the big search thingie to find “Log Analytics workspaces” like what’s seen here.

Then, there’s a little Wizard (not shown) to help you get started. Basically it’s asking you for names and which Azure region you want to keep the data in. Then after it gets going you’ll see “Your deployment is underway” like what’s seen here.

Then you should be thrown into the Advanced settings like what’s seen here. If not, find the Workspace you just created and click Advanced in the left-side menu. It should get you to this place. Note then the “WORKSPACE ID” and “PRIMARY KEY” like what’s seen here. Hang on to those, you’ll need these in a bit. Then also download the Windows Agent 64-bit or 32-bit to get started for your example machines.

In this example, we’ll be installing the LA Agent by hand on a test machine. In real life you could use, say Windows Intune to deploy it with command line options to just chuck in your Workspace ID and Primary Keys and do the whole thing silently and automatically.

Once you have the download, get it over to your test machine. Machine can be real or virtual. Note that you shouldn’t do this (nor do you need to) for WVD virtual machines. Those have a magical connector to accept event logs to LA; and you shouldn’t need to use this method. (Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-desktop/diagnostics-log-analytics and a blog https://www.mdmandgpanswers.com/blogs/view-blog/windows-10-and-server-event-logs-to-azure-log-analytics-walkthru)

Then, Up, Up and away. Launch the agent.. which requires admin rights. (Or, pro tip: Use PolicyPak Scripts to install it automatically where the script is elevated. https://kb.policypak.com/kb/article/901-policypak-scripts-deploy-software-via-vpn-or-with-policypak-cloud/ )

You’ll need to select “Connect the agent to Azure Log Analytics (OMS)” like what’s seen here.

Then, it’s time to chuck in your Workspace ID and Workspace Key. And you’ll likely keep the default of Azure Cloud: Azure Commercial. Pull the pulldown if you have something unusual to select here.

Yes, you want to check for updates when MS Update kicks in….

And.. you’re basically done.

Now let’s make sure we’re talking in both directions. The Microsoft Monitoring Agent is found in Control Panel… which is a weird place, but, hey… that’s okay.

Then click the Azure Log Analytics (OMS) tab and … see you’re talking outbound.

Back in Azure, in the Advanced Settings page, the zero should be one !

Now it’s time to add in the actual event logs you want to capture. Note that the more you capture, the more you pay. Strictly speaking for the PolicyPak customer I made this blog entry for, he only needed to capture the PolicyPak log (which I do last.) But just for completeness and testing, I’ll capture some more too, since you might not have the PolicyPak Log. (And, why don’t you!? Come on over and check out PolicyPak for Pete’s sake. Really, your sake to be honest.)

So just type Application then +. Then System and + and bingo. Those are “well known” logs which LA knows about and pre-populates this list. But PolicyPak? Not as common.. (Yet !) Therefore you could take a guess that our event logs are named PolicyPak (they are…). But how would you know?

The trick is to find the log you want to capture in Windows, and go to its properties and get its Full Name like what’s seen here. Yeah, this one was easy.

But some are harder. I also wanted to capture the MDM event log which has a goofy and weird name. To get it, I went into an Event inside that log and captured its name microsoft-windows-devicemanagement-enterprise-diagnostics-provider/Operational and its brother microsoft-windows-devicemanagement-enterprise-diagnostics-provider/admin.

You can see that second log here…

Once I pasted in all the logs and added them, I clicked Save and got this !

Data.. data? Do we have data ? Click on Logs and close the sample queries. Let’s just see what have. All of it (which shouldn’t be much.)

In the top box, type
SEARCH *
Then click Run. Bingo.. out should pop all the events that have been captured. You can change the Display Time to make sure that you’re getting the right events, right now.

It took a little while for the non-well-known logs to show up. But maybe it will work faster for you than for me. If you want to give it a shot and try your non-well-known logs, like this, give it a go.
Event | where Eventlog == "PolicyPak"
Then click Run again.
Pow! Here come your logs.

Then I can also dig into an event, and … hey look ! EastSalesUser1 ran Procmon, and PolicyPak did the elevation ! Amazeballs !

That’s it. Well, that’s basics anyway.

Remember this blog is a simple walkthrough / getting started. This isn’t “Magic Tricks with Windows Analytics.” But if I had this guide, I would have been up and running about 10x faster. So I hope this helps you out and shows how you can take on-prem or “Always on the go” Windows 10 machines and record their logs, then sort thru them for actionable items and trends.

There were two big news items this week in GP-land:

1. The Windows "May 2020 Release" for ADMX templates is out.  You can get them here. Martin Briklmann on gHacks.Net already did a breakdown of what's new in the ADMX templates, so I don't have to. That review / overview is here. Nice job.

2. A research team uncovered a flaw in GPPrefs CSE User Based items.The basic gist is that GPPrefs User Side items (were) storing user policies in a user-writable %localappdata%\Microsoft\Group Policy\History directory when Remove this Item when it is no longer applied option is enabled. When GPupdate is called, the contents are read. If "evil" contents are present, the GPupdate process will perform the processing of those evil contents. As such, Microsoft fixed this in CVE-2020-1317. More reading about it and the direct download links to the patches can be found here.

This isn't an underlying problem in GP "the engine" itself; but rather GPPrefs and then specifically the user-side policies, and specifically, the printer policies. The patch will then change the location from user-space to ProgramData space when GPPrefs User side stores these values.

Hope this helps you out !

MDM administrators that utilize Microsoft Endpoint Management (Intune) are familiar with the concept of Security Baselines.  A security baseline is a collection of Microsoft recommended configuration settings that help secure and protect enterprise users and devices.  For instance, MEM offers security baselines for Windows 10, Microsoft Defender ATP and Edge.  Security baselines are an easy and effective way for admins to ensure that they are consistently enforcing a minimum security level that will address fundamental security and compliance issues.  Some admins may be surprised that security baselines are available for Group Policy as well.

The Benefits of Using Security Baselines

While it is perfectly ok to configure your own MDM profile or GPO to select and configure available settings, baselines are a quick and easy way to enforce a default baseline that prevents users from making changes that will result in an insecure state.  There are a number of benefits of using security baselines offered by Microsoft.

• They are already configured by Microsoft security experts
• They enforce settings that mitigates contemporary security threats.
• Baseline settings have been pretested to ensure that they do not cause operational issues that are worse than the risks they mitigate
• They ensure that users and device configuration settings are compliant with the baseline

Security Baselines are not just for MDM

Microsoft has been releasing Security baselines since the Windows XP days.  Because Group Policy offers far more settings than MDM, the simplification that they offer for AD environments is even more of a benefit.  For instance, there are more than 200 Microsoft Edge Group Policy settings for Windows, but only some of these are security related.   By implementing Microsoft Edge baselines, you can rest assure that you are deploying the most up-to-date security settings for Microsoft Edge using your GPO environment.

Security Baseline for Microsoft Edge v83

Microsoft just recently announced the release of the Microsoft v83 of Microsoft Edge.  Microsoft continues to release new versions and settings for the new Chromium Edge browser.  Version 83 includes 19 new computer and user based settings.  The accumulated total of Edge settings currently stands at 311 Computer policy settings and 286 User configuration policy settings.  The current baseline involves 12 of these settings which are identical to the v80 security baseline.

To obtain the security baseline for Microsoft Edge, you need to download the Security Compliance Kit.  The compliance kit the following:

• Importable GPOs
• A script to apply the GPOs to local policy
• A script to import the GPOs into Active Directory Group Policy
• A spreadsheet documenting all recommended settings in spreadsheet form
• Policy Analyzer rules
• GP Reports
• Documentation

Implementing the Baseline into your AD Environment

Keep in mind that you must have the Edge v83 ADMX files contained within your Central Store as a prerequisite.  Once you download the toolkit, open the Scripts folder and run either the local policy script or the AD import script as shown below.

In this example we using the Baseline-ADimport script.  The script will then import a GPO called MSFT Edge version 80 – Computer that involves the following Administrative Templates.

Some of the configured settings include the following:

The toolkit includes a GP Reports Folder that contains an HTML report of GPO templates available in the baseline.

It is recommended that you stay current with the latest security baselines of Edge and Windows 10.  You can keep abreast of future baselines as they become available through the Microsoft website.   

You can learn about the newest policy settings available with Edge v83 on the Microsoft website.